Neural basis of the role of glial cells in the brain
Glial cells were once thought to play predominantly supportive roles in the brain, but recent research has revealed that they have essential functions in communication, insulation, and immune defense. This article provides an overview of glial cell physiology, exciting research findings, potential applications for drug development, artificial intelligence, brain-computer interfaces, and optogenetics, as well as challenges, and limitations in studying glial cells. Future research directions for exploring the full potential of glial cells in the nervous system are also discussed.